QS 21 is a natural triterpenoid saponin extracted from the bark of marine licorice (Quillaja saponaria Molina). It is a yellow to tan crystalline solid with a bitter taste. QS 21 has the characteristics of large molecular weight and good stability.
QS 21 is mainly used as an immune adjuvant, which can improve the immunity of vaccines against pathogens. It enhances the effectiveness of the vaccine by enhancing the immune response. QS 21 is widely used in vaccine research and development, especially for diseases such as cancer, AIDS and malaria.
In preparation, QS 21 is usually obtained by water extraction and separation and purification. First, the saponin mixture was extracted from the bark of marine licorice, and then purified by alcohol precipitation, column chromatography, solvent extraction and other methods, and finally the QS 21 with high purity was obtained.
In terms of safety, QS 21 is a relatively safe substance, but it is still necessary to follow appropriate personal protective measures during use. QS 21 is highly toxic and may cause irritation and allergic reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of personal protective equipment such as safety gloves, protective glasses and masks during use to avoid direct contact with skin and inhalation of dust. In addition, during storage and handling, avoid contact with oxidants, strong acids and strong bases to prevent dangerous reactions. For vaccines using QS 21, vaccine manufacturers should carry out strict quality control and safety assessment in accordance with the relevant regulations.